Balms IMO are more liquid than creams, which are both moisturizers. Serum makes me think concentrated, but not thick.
Balms are a bit pricey for me to use as a daily moisturizer, so I use a daily moisturizer as an aftershave most times, lol. I really use a balm when I'm going out or want a different scent if that makes sense. My (semi) daily is Bath and Body Works men's collection moisturizing cream, and most times I use this as aftershave care as well, after a rinse with cold water, pat dry, and a splash of witch hazel if I feel my shave was rough.
A toner is really the odd one out of your list, as it's not really a moisturizer but a skin "tightener." As Nishy said, it closes or shrinks the pores, giving a tight, fresh feel to the skin. Witch hazel is a common one. I don't recommend Thayer's as it's a very low percentage of witch hazel. First ingredient is water. Second is glycerin.